Question Answering (QA) is a task that entails reasoning over natural language contexts, and many relevant works augment language models (LMs) with graph neural networks (GNNs) to encode the Knowledge Graph (KG) information. However, most existing GNN-based modules for QA do not take advantage of rich relational information of KGs and depend on limited information interaction between the LM and the KG. To address these issues, we propose Question Answering Transformer (QAT), which is designed to jointly reason over language and graphs with respect to entity relations in a unified manner. Specifically, QAT constructs Meta-Path tokens, which learn relation-centric embeddings based on diverse structural and semantic relations. Then, our Relation-Aware Self-Attention module comprehensively integrates different modalities via the Cross-Modal Relative Position Bias, which guides information exchange between relevant entities of different modalities. We validate the effectiveness of QAT on commonsense question answering datasets like CommonsenseQA and OpenBookQA, and on a medical question answering dataset, MedQA-USMLE. On all the datasets, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance. Our code is available at http://github.com/mlvlab/QAT.

基于变压器的模型已在各个领域（例如自然语言处理和计算机视觉）中广泛使用并实现了最先进的性能。最近的作品表明，变压器也可以推广到图形结构化数据。然而，由于技术挑战，诸如节点数量和非本地聚集的技术挑战之类的技术挑战，因此成功限于小规模图，这通常会导致对常规图神经网络的概括性能。在本文中，为了解决这些问题，我们提出了可变形的图形变压器（DGT），以动态采样的键和值对进行稀疏注意。具体而言，我们的框架首先构建具有各种标准的多个节点序列，以考虑结构和语义接近。然后，将稀疏的注意力应用于节点序列，以减少计算成本，以学习节点表示。我们还设计简单有效的位置编码，以捕获节点之间的结构相似性和距离。实验表明，我们的新型图形变压器始终胜过现有的基于变压器的模型，并且与8个图形基准数据集（包括大型图形）的最新模型相比，与最新的模型相比表现出竞争性能。

图形神经网络（GNN）已被广泛应用于各种领域，以通过图形结构数据学习。在各种任务（例如节点分类和图形分类）中，他们对传统启发式方法显示了显着改进。但是，由于GNN严重依赖于平滑的节点特征而不是图形结构，因此在链接预测中，它们通常比简单的启发式方法表现出差的性能，例如，结构信息（例如，重叠的社区，学位和最短路径）至关重要。为了解决这一限制，我们建议邻里重叠感知的图形神经网络（NEO-GNNS），这些神经网络（NEO-GNNS）从邻接矩阵中学习有用的结构特征，并估算了重叠的邻域以进行链接预测。我们的Neo-Gnns概括了基于社区重叠的启发式方法，并处理重叠的多跳社区。我们在开放图基准数据集（OGB）上进行的广泛实验表明，NEO-GNNS始终在链接预测中实现最新性能。我们的代码可在https://github.com/seongjunyun/neo_gnns上公开获取。

我们的目标是使用多个摄像机和计算机愿望来检测和识别多个对象，以及用于灾难响应无人机的计算机视觉。主要挑战是驯服检测错误，解决ID切换和碎片，适应多尺度特征和具有全局摄像机运动的多种视图。提出了两种简单的方法来解决这些问题。一个是一个快速的多摄像机系统，该系统添加了katchlet关联，另一个是结合高性能检测器和跟踪器来解决限制。 （...）与验证数据集中的基线（85.44％）相比，我们的第一种方法（85.71％）的准确性略有改善。在基于L2-NOR误差计算的最终结果中，基线为48.1，而拟议的模型组合为34.9，其误差减少为27.4％。在第二种方法中，虽然Deepsort仅通过硬件和时间限制来处理四分之一的帧，但我们的模型与Deepsort（42.9％）以召回的召回方式优于Fairmot（71.4％）。我们的两种模型分别在2020年和2021年的韩国科学和ICT组织的“AI Grand Challenge”中排名第二和第三位。源代码在这些URL上公开可用（Github.com/mlvlab/drone_ai_challenge，github.com/mlvlab/drone_task1，github.com/mlvlab/rony2_task3，github.com/mlvlab/drone_task4）。

图形神经网络（GNNS）显着改善了图形结构数据的表示功率。尽管最近GNN的成功，大多数GNN的图表卷积都有两个限制。由于图形卷积在输入图上的小本地邻域中执行，因此固有地无法捕获距离节点之间的远程依赖性。另外，当节点具有属于不同类别的邻居时，即，异常，来自它们的聚合消息通常会影响表示学习。为了解决图表卷积的两个常见问题，在本文中，我们提出了可变形的图形卷积网络（可变形GCNS），可在多个潜在空间中自适应地执行卷积并捕获节点之间的短/远程依赖性。与节点表示（特征）分开，我们的框架同时学习节点位置嵌入式嵌入式（坐标）以确定节点之间以端到端的方式之间的关系。根据节点位置，卷积内核通过变形向量变形并将不同的变换应用于其邻居节点。我们广泛的实验表明，可变形的GCNS灵活地处理异常的处理，并在六个异化图数据集中实现节点分类任务中的最佳性能。

Springs are efficient in storing and returning elastic potential energy but are unable to hold the energy they store in the absence of an external load. Lockable springs use clutches to hold elastic potential energy in the absence of an external load but have not yet been widely adopted in applications, partly because clutches introduce design complexity, reduce energy efficiency, and typically do not afford high-fidelity control over the energy stored by the spring. Here, we present the design of a novel lockable compression spring that uses a small capstan clutch to passively lock a mechanical spring. The capstan clutch can lock up to 1000 N force at any arbitrary deflection, unlock the spring in less than 10 ms with a control force less than 1 % of the maximal spring force, and provide an 80 % energy storage and return efficiency (comparable to a highly efficient electric motor operated at constant nominal speed). By retaining the form factor of a regular spring while providing high-fidelity locking capability even under large spring forces, the proposed design could facilitate the development of energy-efficient spring-based actuators and robots.

We present SODA: the first publicly available, million-scale high-quality social dialogue dataset. Using SODA, we train COSMO: a generalizable conversation agent outperforming previous best-performing agents on both in- and out-of-domain datasets. In contrast to most existing crowdsourced, small-scale dialogue corpora, we distill 1.5M socially-grounded dialogues from a pre-trained language model (InstructGPT; Ouyang et al., 2022). Dialogues are distilled by contextualizing social commonsense knowledge from a knowledge graph (Atomic10x; West et al., 2022). Human evaluation shows that dialogues in SODA are more consistent, specific, and (surprisingly) natural than prior human-authored datasets - e.g., DailyDialog (Li et al., 2017), BlendedSkillTalk (Smith et al., 2020). In addition, extensive evaluations show that COSMO is significantly more natural and consistent on unseen datasets than best-performing dialogue models - e.g., GODEL (Peng et al., 2022), BlenderBot (Roller et al., 2021), DialoGPT (Zhang et al., 2020). Furthermore, it is sometimes even preferred to the original human-written gold responses. We make our data, models, and code public.

With the rise in high resolution remote sensing technologies there has been an explosion in the amount of data available for forest monitoring, and an accompanying growth in artificial intelligence applications to automatically derive forest properties of interest from these datasets. Many studies use their own data at small spatio-temporal scales, and demonstrate an application of an existing or adapted data science method for a particular task. This approach often involves intensive and time-consuming data collection and processing, but generates results restricted to specific ecosystems and sensor types. There is a lack of widespread acknowledgement of how the types and structures of data used affects performance and accuracy of analysis algorithms. To accelerate progress in the field more efficiently, benchmarking datasets upon which methods can be tested and compared are sorely needed. Here, we discuss how lack of standardisation impacts confidence in estimation of key forest properties, and how considerations of data collection need to be accounted for in assessing method performance. We present pragmatic requirements and considerations for the creation of rigorous, useful benchmarking datasets for forest monitoring applications, and discuss how tools from modern data science can improve use of existing data. We list a set of example large-scale datasets that could contribute to benchmarking, and present a vision for how community-driven, representative benchmarking initiatives could benefit the field.

A reduced order model of a generic submarine is presented. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are used to create and validate a model that includes depth dependence and the effect of waves on the craft. The model and the procedure to obtain its coefficients are discussed, and examples of the data used to obtain the model coefficients are presented. An example of operation following a complex path is presented and results from the reduced order model are compared to those from an equivalent CFD calculation. The controller implemented to complete these maneuvers is also presented.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.